The ATOX1 Gene Role in Copper Metabolism and in the Copper-Induced Diseases Pathogenesis

The ATOX1 (Antioxidant Protein 1) is a human copper metal chaperone that plays an important role in cellular copper homeostasis. The protein is responsible for cytosolic copper absorption from CTR1 (copper transporter 1) and transport to the copper pumps in the Trans Golgi network to the ATP7A and ATP7B proteins. This review collects data on the antioxidant role of ATOX1, the gene role’s in the angiogenesis regulation and cancer cell proliferation, and its role in the pathogenesis of copper-induced diseases—Wilson–Konovalov disease and Menkes disease.

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